Fluid motor of the rotary abutment type



F. BERRY FLUID MOTOR OF THE ROTARY ABUTMENT TYPE April 10, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed May 29, 1944 INVENTOR. Fn Nh' BEER Y ATTORNEY April 10, 1951 F. BERRY 2,548,339

FLUID MOTOR OF THE ROTARY ABUTMENT TYPE Filed May 29, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VEN TOR. EPA/V EEPHY A TUENEY April 10, 1951 F. BERRY mum MOTOR OF THE ROTARY ABUTMENT TYPE 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed May 29, 1944 x? m? bu JNVENTOR. FHA /\//'f BER/5 y BY M 7/ TTOEZYEY Patented Apr. 10, 1951 FLUID MOTOR OF THE ROTARY ABUTMENT TYPE Frank Berry, Corinth, Miss., assignor to Berry Motors, Inc., Corinth; Miss., a corporation of Tennessee Application May 29, 1944, Serial No. 537,909

6 Claims. (Cl. 121-34) ated motor of the type employing rotary pistons on a common driven shaft, in conjunction with a rotary abutment member, the pistons with their abutments being arranged for mutual balance of weight and power. The motor shaft and the abutment member, the latter being a unitary rotor, are geared together in one to one rotation ratio.

The driving fluid may be so controlled so as to be staged and compounded for high efliciency, and the various forms herein described and illustrated are applicable to small hand tools where light weight and high speed and. power are the desired factors, as well as to heavier forms.

The specific object-of the invention is to provide a fluid motor of high power andspeed per unit of weight.

The multi-piston form of my motor-is particularly desirable for use in connection with air pressure systems where high power incompari son with weight-is a prime factor.

The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view, partly broken away, showing a motor adapted for use as a pneumatic hand tool.

Figure 2 is a vertical section. through the structure of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a transverse section on the line 3-3, Figure 2, showing the feed and exhaust port and certain constructiondetails.

Figure 4 is a vertical section through a modified form of the invention.

Figure 5 is a transverse section on the line 55, Figure 4, showing the inlet and exhaust openings and certain construction details. In this view, the piston rotor and abutment are turned back slightly from the positions shown in Fig. 4.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of the abutment rotor shown in Figure 1.

Figure '7 is a fragmentary isometrical view, partly in section, particularly showing the feeder valve and controlled cut-off.

The construction. illustrated in Figures 1 to 3,

inclusive, is adapted-as a small hand tool. The

The open end the latter being formed withcurved ridges which receive bolts l0 threaded into the sleeves 8-.

The piston'rotor, which comprises the shaft 1 and the sleeves 8, is held'in position by bearings I l which are seated in suitable chambers formed in the front of the casing and in a bearing block 4.

The abutment rotor I2 is, as shown in Figure 3, disposed within a longitudinal chamber formed in the casing I, and it rides upon sleeves 8 of the piston rotor. The said abutment valve carries a driven gear I! in mesh with a drive gear l3, carried by the piston rotor, and the piston rotor and abutment rotor are driven in 1 to 1 ratio. Bearings I5 support the abutment rotor. Adjacent the gears I3 and M the respective piston and abutment rotors are formed as stubshafts, and channelways are provided at the ends of these shafts to receive clip-rings I6. The sleeves 8 may be keyed to the piston rotor as by keys of the type indicated at IT, Figure 3.

It may be found desirable to employ one or a plurality of sealing rings H3, at opposite faces of each sleeve 8, these rings being seated in grooves formed in the periphery of the piston rotor, as shown in Figure 2.

In the present embodimentthe front end of the casing is reduced in diameter and internally threaded to receive an apertured closure [9, which serves as a bushing for the projected shaft-like front end of the piston rotor, the latter carrying a chuck, which may be of usual construction, forreceiving, the tool to be driven by the device;

The handle 5 may be formed with a front guard 5 and with a fluid intake duct at 5 which is divided into a lower and an upper section to be controlled by a valve 23 having a finger trigger 23 Opposite valve 23 the handle may be formed with a threaded aperture to receive a plug. Upon removal of the latter, the valve may be inspected and refaced whenever desired. The valve stem may be threaded in the trigger 23 for the purpose of assembly and ready detachment. 7

Outflow from fluid passageway 5 is controlled as to volume by any suitable valve means operable from a point exterior the handle, the type illustrated at 24 being rotatable to reduce the passageway as desired for controlling the maximum fluid outflow to be permitted byoperation of the trigger valve.

At opposite sides of the abutment rotor 12 casing I is formed with fluid intake duct 25 and fluid exhaust duct 26. In the embodiment shown two pistons are employed at -9, and the abutment rotor is formed with two piston clearance passageways at 3*. In the casing and in register with the cylinders are two sets of ports 25 and 26 the first ports leading to the fluid intake duct 25 and the second ports, 26 leading to the exhaust port 26. At a suitable point in the casing the latter will be apertured to permit the discharge of exhaust fluid to a point exterior the motor.

Reference to Figure 3 will show that the inlet and exhaust ducts 25 and 28 are, for each cyl-' inder, disposed at opposite sides of the abutment rotor, and that the latter can be designed to open E and close the inlet duct, or both of the ducts, so far as flow of fluid into a cylinder and discharge of fluid therefrom is concerned. 'However, in the present embodiment, and in consideration of quick action and maximum power withrelation to weight of the motor, the intake port 25 and passageway, the abutment rotor may be channeled to receive sealing rings I32. Snap rings may be provided for the piston rotor at H4,

hence the fluid intake duct 25 is in constant com- 1 munication with its appropriate cylinder and the abutment rotor only partially-controls the said port. The same is-true with respect to the-texhaustport.

Thus it will-be seen that in the operation of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, fluid under pressure is admitted to the handle at 5 and its flow through said passageway is controlled by manipulation of trigger valve 23, 23 by setting valve 24 a desired maximum pressure may be controlled. The fluid under pressure flows into intake duct 25 and from that duct through the two ports 25 into the cylinders back of the pistons. Back flow of the fluid is prevented by the abutment rotor, and after the pistonshave been given full power stroke, and as each piston enters its clearance passageway in the abutment rotor an appropriate discharge port 26 is passed by the piston and the fluid is exhausted.

Referring to" Figures 4 to '7, inclusive, it will be seen that I have provided a pneumatic motor, with an automatic valving arrangement which effects control of the passage of fluid under pressure to each cylinder from the feed line.

The motor consists of a barrel-like casing IflI, having an internal web I0 I X dividing the interior into a lower hemi-cylindrical chamber and an upper similar chamber of lesser area. Extending longitudinally within the casing at one side thereof and internally bounded by web IlII is a fluid pressure intake duct I02, which communicates with a longitudinal manifold at the top thereof as indicated at I02 Figure 5. In theinner' wall of chamber or manifold I02 are formed a plurality of fluid pressure intake passages I04, which communicate with an abutment rotor now to be 'described. The abutment rotor is formed with a chambers is bounded at its sides by cylinder separators I I2 These cylinder chamber separators, are disks bolted in position as by the'bolts IBI', clearances being cut in the top of the disks for the abutment rotor. The cylinder separators also are formed with hubs which may be channeled I to receive annular ribs or sealing rings carried by piston sleeves I IB The piston sleeves are mounted on piston shaft III, which with itssleeves constitutes a piston rotor.

these rings being snapped into grooves formed in said rotor, 'for abutment with the piston sleeves I IE as shown in Figure 4.

may pass to the atmosphere through discharge pipe I30. a

In the operation of .the motor, it being understood that the pistons will be spaced l20 apart, and that the'piston' clearance passages C will be correspondingly placed, with a length of each valve channel II8 as desired, a length of 240" being suitable; fluid under pressure is passed into duct I62 via pipe I29 and, inasmuch as said duct is in communication with manifold IIJZ the fluid under pressure will pass into the said manifold, and to passages I04. These passages I04 are successively brought into communication with the peripheral valve channels H8 in the abutment rotors 1. When a channel of the abutment rotor registers with one of the passages I04 the fluid flows into the channeL'thence into one of a series of longitudinal recesses I65 formed in the casing web and bridging channel H8 and the appropriate cylinder. This action takes place when the piston of that cylinder is in the position of Figures 5 and 7 and ready for a power stroke.

When the piston completes its power stroke and passes discharge port I36 the spent fluid flows out through duct I03 and pipe I30.

It will be understood that various modifications may be made in the form and arrangement of the elements constituting the embodiment illustrated in the drawings, without departing from the spirit of the invention, what 'I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, being as follows:

' ing provided in the wall of at least one of said piston chambers and leading respectively to the intake duct and to the exhaust duct, the abutment rotor being adapted to meet and partially close an intake port at the wall of a piston chamber, and apiston rotor carrying a plurality 'of pistons, the abutment rotorbeing formed with a plurality of peripheral arcuate valve-channelways, one preceding each abutment, each valve-channelway periodically being brought into simultaneous registration with an intake passage in the casing leading to the intake .duct and the intake port formed in the wall of the appropriate pistonv chamber, said intake port bridging the valve-channelway and piston chamber.

2. A rotary-piston fluid motor, comprising a casing having intake and exhaust ducts, a plurality of sets of communicating chambers, one chamber of each set being an abutment chamber and the second a piston chamber, an abutment rotor having abutments in said abutment chambers, a set of intake and exhaust ports be ing provided in the wall of each of said piston chambers, the abutment rotor at each abutment being adapted to meet and partially close an intake port at the wall of a piston chamber, and a piston rotor carrying a plurality of pistons, the intake ports being located in their respective piston chambers adjacent the intersections of the piston chambers with the abutment chamber whereby fluid is admitted behind the pistons while each is passing through its respective abutment.

' 3. A rotary-piston fluid motor, comprising a casing having intake and exhaust ducts, a plurality of sets of communicating chambers, one chamber of each set being an abutment chamber and the second a piston chamber, an abutment rotor having abutments in said abutment chambers, a set of intake and exhaust ports being provided in the Wall of each of said piston chambers, the abutment rotor at each abutment being adapted to meet and partially close an intake port at the wall of a piston chamber, and a piston rotor carrying a plurality of pistons, the intake ports being located in their respective piston chambers adjacent the intersections of the piston chambers with the abutment chamber whereby fluid is admitted behind the pistons while each is passing through its respective abutment, the abutment rotor being formed with a plurality of peripheral arcuate valve-channelways, one preceding each abutment, each valvechannelway periodically being brought into simultaneous registration with two ports, an intake port in the casing leading to the intake duct and a second port formed in the wall of the appropriate piston chamber, said second port bridging the valve-channelway and piston chamber.

4. A rotary-piston fluid motor, comprising a cylindrical casing having provided therein a longitudinal intake duct and an opposed longitudinal exhaust duct, a plurality of sets of communicating chambers intermediate said ducts, one chamber of a set being an abutment chamher and the second a piston chamber, an abut ment rotor having abutments in said abutment chambers, a set of intake and exhaust ports being provided in the wall of at least one of said piston chambers and leading respectively to the intake duct and to the exhaust duct, the abutment rotor being adapted to meet and partially close an intake port at the wall of a piston chamber, and a piston rotor carrying a plurality of pistons.

5. A rotary-piston fluid motor constructed in accordance with claim 4, the piston chamber walls being laterally bounded by a plurality of spacing members endwise removable from the casing, and having bearing apertures to receive the piston rotor.

6. A rotary-piston fluid motor constructed in accordance with claim 4, the piston chamber walls being laterally bounded by a plurality of spacing members endwise removable from the casing, having bearing apertures to receive the piston rotor, and the abutment rotor intersecting a peripheral area of each spacing member.

FRANK BERRY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 817,814 Staahlgren Apr. 17, 1906 855,629 Goserud June 4, 1907 949,638 Stormer Feb. 15, 1910 951,479 Lively Mar. 8, 1910 983,034 Elliott Jan. 31, 1911 994,825 Dunbar June 13, 1911 1,017,139 Cummins Feb. 13, 1912 1,052,045 -Doedyns Feb. 4, 1913 1,058,157 Curtis et a1. Apr. 8, 1913 1,694,587 Elrick Dec. 11, 1928 1,900,950 Rehor Mar. 14, 1933 2,159,232 Shaif May 23, 1939 2,177,977 Brauer Oct. 31, 1939 2,233,163 Fosnot Feb. 25, 1941 2,297,529 Berry Sept. 29, 1942 2,373,669 Sturrock Apr. 17, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 186,268 Great Britain Sept. 28, 1922 

